Conjunctivitis

Nathalie Ramirez
Mr.Nakashima
Anatomy and Physiology

16 March, 2012

Conjunctivitis, more commonly known as Pinkeye, is an eye condition in which the mucous membrane 

that lines the eye (the conjunctiva) swells and causes redness, swelling, excessive tearing, discomfort in the eye, burning, itching, and some sensitivity to light. Conjunctivitis is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, dryness, chemicals, fumes, or allergies. Like many other conditions, Pinkeye can be spread. Direct contact, swapping of bodily fluids, and sharing germs causes the spreading of this infection to others. Specifically because there is a period of time in which the affected eye will release discharge from the conjunctiva,  it is rather easy to pass on the infection through this discharge. Precautions should be taken in order to prevent contagion, precautions that include staying home until receiving antibiotics (if severe)  or simply avoiding to directly contact others.

The viruses that cause Pinkeye are just like the viruses that cause a cold, a runny nose, and a cough. Like many of these contagious cases, Pinkeye is easily spread from hand to mouth, with the exception that everyone has a different immune system and some might not get Pinkeye exactly, but other symptoms (cough, runny nose, etc.). The virus is spread by contact, eliminating the common belief that simply looking at someone with Pinkeye will give you the virus as well. Pinkeye, like any other virus is spread through and only through direct touch.

Works Cited

Healthwise. "Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment." WebMD. WebMD, 17 Dec. 2009. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. <http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/tc/pinkeye-topic-overview>.

Steele, Robert W. "IVillage." IVillage.com: Health, Beauty, Pregnancy, Entertainment, Women's Community and More. NBCUniversal, 7 Feb. 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ivillage.com/expert-advice-pink-eye-conjunctivitis/6-n-138011>.

Fungal Arthritis

Fungal Arthritis is one of the rarest types of arthritis (infectious). This type of arthritis, also known as Mycotic Arthritis is caused by one of the six types of fungal conditions: blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, or sporotrichosis. These infections can be caused when fungal spores enter through the respiratory system or through a scraper or cut. These fungi live mostly in moss, soil, dying vegetation, hay, or bird droppings. The infection is not usually diagnosed right away and if not diagnosed quickly enough can lead to joint damage. Larger joints are affected more often. The people most likely to contract Fungal Arthritis are people with weak immune systems, people with AIDS, people undergoing chemotherapy, and drug users. The treatment is usually to use antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, or itraconazole) although advanced bone and joint infections might require infected tissue to be surgically removed.

Works Cited
Moore, Shelley. "Fungal Arthritis Causes & Symptoms | EHow.com." EHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the Expert in You. | EHow.com. EHow. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.ehow.com/facts_4811742_fungal-arthritis-causes-symptoms.html>.


"Fungal Arthritis." Healthcare Center. Ed. David C. Dugdale. A.D.A.M. Inc., 12 Jan. 2009. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://adam.about.net/encyclopedia/infectiousdiseases/Fungal-arthritis.htm>.


"Mycotic Arthritis." Arthritis Symptoms. Consumer Health Information Network, 11 Aug. 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://arthritis-symptom.com/m-r/mycotic-arthritis.htm>.

Bone Fractures

Types of Bone Fractures


Different types of bone fractures are caused by several different situations. Fractures can be spontaneous, open, closed, impacted, undisplaced, pathologic, or compound depending on the severity of the accident or cause of the fracture. Serious fractures can be very dangerous if not treated quickly, causing problems like damage to blood vessels and nerves, infections of the bone, and infections of the surrounding tissue. The severity depends on the damage done to the bone and tissue near it. The healing and recuperation of a fracture depends on the health and age of the person suffering from it. 


There are several types of bone fractures, with the main ones being:

• Greenstick fracture: an incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex surface and causes a bend on the other side of the bone (usually occurs in children.).
• Fissured fracture: incomplete fracture that occurs longitudinally.
• Comminuted fracture: complete fracture in which the bone fragments into several pieces (three or more).
• Transverse fracture: complete fracture that occurs at a right angle to the bone's axis.
• Oblique fracture: complete fracture that occurs at an angle of the axis of the bone and the break has a curved or sloped pattern. 
• Spiral fracture: complete fracture that is caused by excessive twisting of the bone. 

Other types of bone fractures are categorized under these types of fractures:

• Closed or simple fracture: fracture in which the skin is not torn or cut yet the bone is still fractured.
• Open fracture: fracture in which the skin is opened either because of impact occurring during the fracture or because of a puncture caused by the fractured bone.
• Impacted fracture/ Buckle fracture: fracture that occurs when a bone's ends are driven into each other.
• Displaced bone fracture: fracture in which the ends of the fracture move away from each other, forming a noticeable gap.
• Undisplaced bone fracture/ Hairline fracture: A fracture that does not separate the parts, without a gap.
• Pathological bone fracture: A fracture caused by a weakness formed by disease (cancer, osteoporosis,etc.).
• Compound bone fracture: fracture that creates an external wound because caused by the bones piercing the skin.

There are many other fractures that you could read about, but these are the most common.

Works Cited

Dr. Gauresh. "Bone Fractures." Bone Fracture Types, Symptoms, Healing, Repair, Treatment and Pictures. Orthoped.org, 2010. Web. 04 Nov. 2011. <http://www.bonefractures.org/>.

"Fractures: An Overview - Your Orthopaedic Connection - AAOS." AAOS - Your Orthopaedic Connection. Ed. William A. Grana. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Mar. 2000. Web. 04 Nov. 2011. <http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00139>.

"Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture, Comminuted Fracture, and More." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Ed. Michael W. Smith. WebMD, 26 Oct. 2010. Web. 04 Nov. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-information>.

Nat

Liz
http://ebbermudez.blogspot.com/2011/11/bone-fractures.html


Pao
http://paobeaar.blogspot.com/2011/11/how-do-fractures-occur-how-are-they.html

UC Merced

University of California, Merced is a four-year University that opened September 2005, located in the Central Valley of California. It's mission revolves around teaching, research, and service. It offers its students a varied list of majors, minors, and graduate programs. With more than 4,300 students, the campus is filled with life and activities. There are more than 100 clubs and organizations and has current schools of engineering, natural sciences, social sciences/humanities & arts.

Cal State Long Beach

California State University Long Beach (CSULB) is a 322-acre campus overlooking the Pacific Ocean, located in Long Beach, California. It offers a variety of educational opportunities within degrees and experience. It is a diverse and engaged environment who's mission is to give opportunities to those who are willing to receive them. A four-year university with a currently-impacted campus containing more than 33,000 students. It offers students a variety of sports, clubs, fraternities, sororities, honor societies/programs, cultural organizations, and more. It is currently ranked as “One of the Top Five Public Comprehensive Universities in the Western United States”. 

College Tour

college:
studying, tests, big buildings, dorms, new friends, libraries, books, classes, education, professors, time-consuming activities, frats, fun, new discoveries, aiming for your dream, reading, laughing, discussing, more studying, less sleep, becoming who you've been waiting to become.